Photo: Michael A. Schwartz Photography. endobj A documentary that recounts the many ways in which American slavery persisted as a practice many decades after its supposed abolition.A documentary that recounts the many ways in which American slavery persisted as a practice many decades after its supposed abolition.A documentary that recounts the many ways in which American slavery persisted as a practice many decades after its supposed abolition. Learn about peonage. And this is why people like Milner wanted prisoners in his coal mines. He couldn't pay the enormous fines. Produced bytpt National Productionsand directed by Sam Pollard, Slavery by Another Name was a selection of the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and aired on PBS that same year as part of Black History Month. James Herriots adventures as a veterinarian in 1930s Yorkshire get a new TV adaptation. Instead, slavery began to recede meaningfully more like 50 or 60 years ago. All of them were poor and exploited. More AIR DATE 2/12/12 Videos About Slavery By Another Name SLAVERY BY ANOTHER NAME challenges one of America's most cherished assumptions: the belief that slavery in this country ended with Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of 1863. Slavery by Another Name is a 90-minute documentary that challenges one of Americans' most cherished assumptions: the belief that slavery in this country ended with the Emancipation Proclamation. Douglas A. Blackmon shares how the project Slavery by Another Name evolved. It was essentially two years' labor was the fine for vagrancy. Thousands died. 1996 - 2023 NewsHour Productions LLC. The film tells how even as chattel slavery came to an end in 1865, thousands of African Americans were pulled back into forced labor with shocking . This immense system of forced, unpaid labor was a shocking reality that has often gone unacknowledged. endobj And there are long-term consequences for this these practices, which link which over the years have linked criminality and race. Historian Mary Ellen Curtin explains the complications of sharecropping. targeted for national PBS broadcast in 2011. It didn't just injure black people. A lot of the things that kept people in control under slavery are amplified under this convict system. More information about PBS is available at pbs.org, one of the leading dot-org websites on the Internet, or by following PBS on Twitter, Facebook or through our apps for mobile devices. And in the first years after the Civil War, African-Americans, the formerly enslaved African- Americans, did experience a period of authentic freedom and citizenship. tpt productions include national Primetime Emmy Award winners Benjamin Franklin and The Forgetting: A Portrait of Alzheimers; Writers Guild Nominees Alexander Hamilton and Dolley Madison; and Peabody winner Depression: Out of the Shadows. L.`> o yw g`qzRD- Y\ |sd`q@?26 )7Lb zKI Share and download Pathway Guide 2023-2024 for free. Slavery by Another Name is produced by tpt National Productions, a division of Twin Cities Public Television (tpt), the PBS affiliate for Minneapolis/St. They were shackled, imprisoned and often tortured. Erasing the Black Freedom Struggle: How State Standards Fail to Teach the Truth About Reconstruction, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, National Report on the Teaching of Reconstruction. 2012. Based on Douglas A. Blackmons Pulitzer Prize-winning book, the film illuminates how in the years following the Civil War, insidious new forms of forced labor emerged in the American South, persisting until the onset of World War II. hb``` ead +b`Pfh|Nx(ppp`Cai*RV6^Q2{Y:wev/"w^kZ7hzem+:wM Z B ;E Ld``w1 q < [ By creating an account, you acknowledge that PBS may share your information with our member stations and our respective service providers, and that you have read and understand the Privacy Policy and Terms of Use. Watch on YouTube. We are unsure as to the identity of . Catherine Allan is the executive producer of Slavery by Another Name. Drawing public attention to some of the victims and perpetrators of this forced labor system, the film Slavery by Another Name presents a story that has been largely ignored in history books. Season 1 Episode 1 Slavery by Another Name explores the new forms of slavery after the Civil War. He experienced some of the some of that period of time in which you had huge numbers of black people who voted. The sm-M20 is suggested to play a regulatory role in muscle contraction by binding to MBS. Professional development workshops led by Felicia Pride of thePride Collaborativewill be held in New York and Jackson, Mississippi. ; Automated Transcription The most accurate AI-powered transcription on the market. Copyright 2023 Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), all rights reserved. By entering your email address and clicking Submit, you agree to receive updates from the Open Society Foundations about our work. Early life and education. Slavery didn't end when we all have been taught that it did. The film documents how after the Civil War, repressive labor practices and laws pulled thousands of African Americans in the South back into new forms of slavery that lasted well into the 20thcentury. By 1865, despite the promise of the Emancipation Proclamation, the Thirteenth Amendment, and the Confederate defeat in the Civil War, many former slaves did not in reality experience a new birth of freedom. The Republican-controlled Congress enacted the Fourteenth Amendment (enshrining birthright citizenship and equal protection of the law) in 1868 and the Fifteenth Amendment (guaranteeing the right to vote for all men regardless of race) in 1870. The presentation will be livestreamed on Zoom beginning at 3 p.m. and can be accessed from a PC, Mac, Linux, iOS or Android at https://csusb.zoom.us . But the most damaging statutes were around vagrancy. GcJm!B{+wnj{\{ Nnpfq~j=AHNZ$Xjnqot)rn>m%bi"z'-HPbMCA tat'qtbM3m)^f`*^%6+n. It also incorporates interviews with people living today, including several African American descendants of victims of forced labor who discovered their connection to this history after reading Blackmons book. Though both groups were at the bottom of the social ladder, sharecroppers began to organize for better working rights, and the integrated Southern Tenant Farmers Union began to gain power in the 1930s. Its a brutal topic, said producer/director Sam Pollard, who recently began shooting the film in Alabama and Georgia. A new PBS documentary called Slavery by Another Name tells the story of the adapted forced labor practices that helped extend slavery long after the end of the Civil War. He served as documentary producer of Henry Hamptons Blackside, Inc. production of Eyes on the Prize II: America at the Racial Crosswords, and a producer of the Peabody Award-winning PBS series The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow. By Sam Pollard, Catherine Allan, Douglas Blackmon and Sheila Curran Bernard. Copyright 2023 Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), The film tells how even as chattel slavery came to an end in the South in 1865, thousands of African Americans were . 157 0 obj <> endobj 4 0 obj In 1865, the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment constitutionally outlawed slavery, and African American looked forward to what they would make of their new-found freedom. Gain perspective on the history of penal labor and indentured servitude in the United States by examining a variety of primary source documents and other resources. They had a certain amount of economic freedom. endobj At that time, the tenant and landlord or merchant would settle up, figuring out who owed whom and how much. Slavery by Another Name: Digital Storytelling is a yearlong initiative, from January through December of 2014. Gwen Ifill. A new document that airs tonight on PBS tells the story of how American citizens freed by the 13th Amendment to the Constitution remained under lock and key for decades afterward. Your email address will not be published. 1 0 obj To learn more about how we use and protect your personal data, please view our privacy policy. It also is, I think, really the missing link in understanding the persistence of the economic and educational gaps between African-Americans and whites in modern society today. It was almost impossible for a black man in the South, in the rural South, in the early 20th century not to be at risk of arrest at almost any time. 0 They were incredibly dangerous places to work, being subjected to violent explosions, poisonous gases that were released as coal fell from the walls, in addition to the falling coal itself. He has written extensively on . And, in fact, when there was outrage or concern about this system back in the early 20th century, it was typically when a white person there's a story in the film of a young man Martin Tabert, who was a traveler from the Pacific Northwest, who ends up sucked into a forced labor camp in Florida and eventually whipped to death under horrifying conditions. By Michelle Alexander. ; Global Translated Subtitles Translated on-screen subtitles for videos. PBS is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. In the South, after the Civil War, many black families rented land from white owners and raised cash crops such as cotton, tobacco, and rice. They had to drink from that water. A labor uprising to protest convict leasing led to the Coal Creek War. Slavery by Another Name challenges one of our countrys most cherished assumptions: the belief that slavery ended with Abraham Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation of 1863. In many cases, they were sent to the South coal mines, including some owned by businessman and former slave owner John Milner. And that's the language that was used, buying and selling, someone who has been purchased from a county jail or purchased from a state prison system. Audio & Video Transcription Convert your audio or video into 99% accurate text by a professional. stream Slavery by Another Name, a documentary film based on Douglas A. Blackmon's Pulitzer Prize-winning book, turns that belief on its head. View Slavery by Another Name.pdf from HIST 1493 at Tulsa Community College. DOUGLAS A. BLACKMON, author, "Slavery by Another Name": This is a place where for weeks or months at a time, men might never see daylight. Slavery By Another Name. And it became an instrument of injustice, instead of a system of justice. 3 0 obj The PBS documentary, " Slavery by Another Name," will be screened and followed by discussion led by Marc Robinson, CSUSB assistant professor of history, when the next Conversations on Race and Policing convenes virtually on Wednesday, Feb. 24. stream 80 years What are some of the other forms of slavery by another name? hY]o+|L]~;n uDMq ? Tell us the story of this one person you mentioned in the documentary, Green Cottenham. Reports True iff the second item (a number) is equal to the number of letters in the first item (a word). <> 2010, updated 10th-anniversary edition released in 2020. 2.) Read the latest from our staff, grantees, and partners about how were working around the world to build vibrant and inclusive democracies whose governments are accountable and open to the participation of all people. Some were elected to office. On Slavery by Another Name, Pollard teams with executive producer Catherine Allan, whose films largely focus on American history and include the Peabody Award-winning Liberty! February 13, 2012 8:31 AM. that executive order prompted arkansas education officials to investigate the ap african american history course taught at the academy's adamsboro . Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window). Slavery by Another Name airs at 8 p.m. on February 13, 2012 on Eight, Arizona PBS. PBS is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. R_zu $9nNmdmt+$(0 a;91Pg]pk0QnkO94BcOUQ&m; `20ej[EwdkJy0g0v{o5AD+YE( RSC}Lc Blackmon was born in Stuttgart, Arkansas, and grew up in Leland, Mississippi, in the Mississippi Delta.He has said that the small town of 6,000 was evenly . 1. CALENDAR LISTING: Slavery By Another Name (2012), a new documentary based on Douglas Blackmon's Pulitzer Prize-winning nonfiction book about insidious forms of forced labor that emerged in the American South following the Civil War, will be screened on Friday, February 3, 2012 at 7:00 p.m. in the Recital Hall, Performing Arts Center, on the . Book Non-fiction. The goal is to empower African American and Latino male students to connect this historic period to their present experience, and present these connections in a digital format that feels powerful to them. News. Lyrics, Song Meanings, Videos, Full Albums & Bios: Proverbs, Missing You, As For Me, Can't Be No Dummy, Big Bad Wolf, Screw Dem All, Don't Fight It, Be, Elijah (feat. tG$ ?`ix_})~u~a-jD!~1mhL\aJ.\7gC IK!*L#q$%No]+%onMM`l4myD2Xz6Q-KzF7$YHv},inIJWY kbN5&w Y H ^s%l%0A]a{*2!dX0azf Please check your inbox to confirm. SLAVERY BY ANOTHER NAME is a 90-minute documentary that challenges one of Americans' most cherished assumptions: the belief that slavery in this country ended with the Emancipation Proclamation. I spent a great deal of time in Mississippi visiting relatives. And the consequences of even the most trivial of offenses were enormous. Major funding for Slavery by Another Name is provided by the National Endowment for the Humanities, W.K. Tell us his story. Now, a history of forced labor after the Civil War. Overview Written by journalist Douglas Blackmon, Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II is a searing and thorough account of the "new" form of slavery that continues throughout much of the South in the decades after the Civil War. Morgan Heritage), King of the V.I., My Vision, All I Wanna Say, Where I'm From, Elijah It was primarily imposed on African American men in the South and lasted until World War II. 1 About Slavery by Another Name in the Classroom To increase the opportunities for young people to learn, interact, and engage around the history of forced labor, educational materials have been developed by Felicia Pride and Paul. Slavery by Another Name: Digital Storytelling, Coalition of Schools Educating Boys of Color. High interest rates, unpredictable harvests, and unscrupulous landlords and merchants often kept tenant farm families severely indebted, requiring the debt to be carried over until the next year or the next. Additional bands at: 40 kDa. There was no crime of slavery. Required fields are marked *. Each month, PBS reaches 124 million people through television and 20 million people online, inviting them to experience the worlds of science, history, nature and public affairs; to hear diverse viewpoints; and to take front-row seats to world-class drama and performances. Kellogg Foundation, The Coca-Cola Company and the CPB/PBS Diversity and Innovation Fund. This was indeed a contributing factor to the Civil war, especially to the southern whites. After the Civil War, former slaves sought jobs, and planters sought laborers. The peonage system represents one of the great failures of Reconstruction. Well, we did know it at the time. Copyright 2021 Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), all rights reserved. That doesn't mean the movie is incomplete in anyway but that it opens so many doors. Slavery by Another Name History Background By Nancy O'Brien Wagner, Bluestem Heritage Group Introduction For more than seventy-five years after the Emancipation Proclamation and the end of the Civil War, thousands of blacks were systematically forced to work against their will. Slavery by Another Name Sharecropping as Slavery 2:03 Published: 2012/02/12 Rating: NR Author Douglas A. Blackmon explains the sharecropping and how it was a form of slavery. In the summer of 1984 he was living with his 24-year-old wife and baby . Based on the Pulitzer-Prize-winning book by Douglas Blackmon, Slavery By Another Name tells the stories of men, charged with crimes like vagrancy, and often guilty of nothing, who were bought and sold, abused, and subject to sometimes deadly working conditions as unpaid convict labor. Episode 1: "The Downward Spiral". The celebration of Juneteenth dates from 1865, when Texas slaves first learned the Civil War was over and they were free. He was immediately sold to a coal mine on the outskirts of Birmingham to a company that was then going to pay his fines off one month at a time. Upload your PDF on PubHTML5 and create a flip PDF like Pathway Guide 2023-2024. Just check all flip PDFs from the author SCOH-PR. In "Slavery by . Neoslavery totally circumscribed the lives of hundreds of thousands of African Americans well into the 20th century.. You've just tried to add this show to My List. PBS is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. endstream endobj startxref another factor contributing to the low profile of organized stalking in the media is a disinformation campaign - a common . After emancipation, industrialists replaced slaves with convicts, acquiring thousands from state and county governments. Slavery by another name the re-enslavement of Black Americans from the . The documentary recounts how in the years following the Civil War, insidious new forms of forced labor emerged in the American South, keeping hundreds of thousands of African Americans in bondage, trapping them in a brutal system that would persist until the onset of World War II. >> that was sarah huckabee sanders on tuesday. We can remove the first show in the list to add this one. The NEH Created Equalproject uses the power of documentary films to encourage public conversations about the changing meanings of freedom and equality in America. Historians and actors describe it in this excerpt. MBS is also encoded by another gene, myosin light chain phosphatase target subunit 1. sm-M20 shows higher binding affinity to this gene product than to myosin light chain phosphatase target subunit 2-MBS even though the two MBS proteins are highly similar. % P7tcj=.'XxB'1-*2}pCGF}n|"Vc*B"?0TMi!d^J8VX\*_V[,!#o$hIG^eQ|I#xP]z"d'.[ {9z@n80-ZaK9RmX=MX?P/cHFx+u5h: 'XrQfxo.j Z.P\8 Some were enslaved. SLAVERY BY ANOTHER NAME is a 90-minute documentary that challenges one of Americans' most cherished assumptions: the belief that slavery in this country ended with the Emancipation Proclamation. Slavery by Another Name recounts how in the years following the Civil War, insidious new forms of forced labor or neoslavery emerged in the American South, persisting until the onset of World War II. Laws favoring landowners made it difficult or even illegal for sharecroppers to sell their crops to others besides their landlord, or prevented sharecroppers from moving if they were indebted to their landlord. How long was slavery by another name? a month after citing an executive order prohibiting indoctrination and critical race theory in schools. 2023 Open Society Foundations, some rights reserved. In addition to Spike Lees feature films, he has worked extensively on the filmmakers documentary productions, including his Academy Award-nominated Four Little Girls; Spike Lee Presents Mike Tyson; and Jim Brown All-American. Directed by Sam Pollard, produced by Catherine Allan and Douglas Blackmon and written by Sheila Curran-Bernard, "Slavery by Another Name" shines a light on the injustices occurring after African Americans were freed, specifically in the South. On the 140th anniversary, historical sites in several states are offering a more realistic . Green Cottenham was the son of two former slaves in Alabama. Recursively sort the rest of the list, then insert the one left-over item where it belongs in the list, like adding a . Based on Douglas A. Blackmon's Pulitzer Prize-winning book titled Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II, the film depicts how new forms of forced labor and slavery emerged in America. PBS bases its Slavery by Another Name documentary on the Pulitzer Prize-winning book by the same name. So, help us understand how this could happen. Ben Affleck's hometown paper labels him a 'white liberal' who hides 'truths about racism' for getting PBS series 'Finding Your Roots' to CENSOR the fact he was descended from slave owners: Actor . 1h 24m. Pollard is no stranger to racially-focused and enlightening subject matter. This is how our country got in the habit of finding it normal to see such a huge population of African-American men in particular incarcerated all the time. Slavery by Another Name explores the new forms of slavery after the Civil War. lJ(5JHe;g:tP.vKh}KYZ)OI Xc- Search Query Show Search. Certainly, white Southerners were. Slavery by Another Name (PBS Documentary 2012).mp4-SD on Vimeo And he didn't have to worry about labor disputes. %PDF-1.7 % CPB is a private, nonprofit corporation created by Congress in 1967 and is steward of the federal governments investment in public broadcasting. Every year the Open Society Foundations give thousands of grants to groups and individuals that work on the issues we focus onpromoting tolerance, transparency, and open debate. Specific program information and updates for press are available at pbs.org/pressroom or by following PBS Pressroom on Twitter. PO Box 73038 Washington, D.C. 20056 tpt National Productions is among the primary content producers for the public television system. But first, we need you to sign in to PBS using one of the services below. And if we want to appreciate the triumphal parts of our past, we really have to be willing to confront these parts as well. Hun- dreds of them had not survived. Whipping, keeping people chained up, brutal kinds of physical torture and mental abuse are the norm. "Slavery by Another Name," based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning book of the same name, tells the story of the thousands of African-Americans who were arrested on trumped-up charges and forced to work as convict labor. MINNEAPOLIS/ST. Additional funding by Georgia-Pacific, KeyBank Foundation and Merck. The film tells how even as chattel slavery came to an end in 1865, thousands of African Americans were pulled back into forced labor with shocking force and brutality. A 90-minute film that challenges the assumption and the belief that slavery in this country ended with the Emancipation Proclamation. The Great Depression, mechanization, and other factors lead sharecropping to fade away in the 1940s. It shows how the forced labor of generations of African Americans has created long-lasting racial and economic divisions that persist to this day. About Slavery by Another Name. A documentary that recounts the many ways in which American slavery persisted as a practice many decades after its supposed abolition. They were largely still impoverished, but authentic freedom, separating themselves from the white families that had controlled their lives. 1 0 obj PBS is proud to present this compelling film, bringing together for the first time the talents of executive producer Catherine Allan (Benjamin Franklin and Hoop Dreams) and director/producer Sam Pollard (If God is Willing and Da Creek Dont Rise and By The People: The Election of Barack Obama)., Slavery by Another Name tells the story of an important part of our nations history, said Patricia Harrison, president and CEO of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB). Slavery by Another Name explores new forms of de facto slavery after the Civil War. The free OVEE screening, which features clips from the documentary, will be moderated by Felicia Pride. ,04+Xz:@>z~a7;zPgU~&aA[\|r_`8 oe!0x>/nX)~Ek]{J#/9mQ PAUL, MN; JUNE 9, 2011 Slavery by Another Name, a new 90-minute documentary based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning book by Wall Street Journal senior writer Douglas A. Blackmon, explores the little-known story of the post-Emancipation era and the labor practices and laws that effectively created a new form of slavery in the South that persisted well into the 20th century. U.W. But first, we need you to sign in to PBS using one of the services below. The film, shot on location in both Birmingham and Atlanta, is built on Blackmons extensive research, as well as interviews with scholars and experts about this historic period. Well, you make an interesting point in the book and in the documentary that, economically, it made more sense to protect slaves than it did to protect the lives of people who were convict laborers or people who were under peonage, it was called? Some were indentured servants. Directed by Sam Pollard, produced by Catherine Allan and Douglas Blackmon, written by Sheila Curran Bernard, based on the 2009 Pulitzer Prize-winning book by Blackmon. We can remove the first video in the list to add this one. Thank you. You make the argument that slavery didn't end in 1863, when the Emancipation Proclamation was signed, not in 1865, when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified, but 1942. Thousands of Black people were forced into what authors have . newsletter for analysis you wont find anywhereelse. Looking for Pathway Guide 2023-2024? And that's all the difference in the world. Slavery by Another Name: The Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II Smithsonian 103K views 11 years ago A Gathering of Old Men | Free Full Movie | 1987 | Drama | Louis. It was a shocking reality that often went unacknowledged, then and now: A huge system of forced, unpaid labor, mostly affecting Southern black men, that lasted until World War II. wf^u*`9qh9O5}wDQfZf,QYo^' L6 zQb*SY7%FBa`fo8e>GX+Q6 [^u Throughout his 30-year career, he has worked on a diverse array of feature films, documentaries and television projects. Approximately two-thirds of all sharecroppers were white, and one third were black. y ] Z`/XO20{ .ta;]"eRR;Pys}, +H4YY[c2yb[q4Fv66#='i$}cK;0. 4 0 obj It also includes stories about creative efforts by districts and/or individual teachers in each state to teach outside the textbook about Reconstruction. And that's what had happened to Green Cottenham. Kellogg Foundation, The Coca-Cola Company and CPB/PBS Diversity & Innovation Fund. The curriculum will strengthen crucial soft skills, such as teamwork, public speaking, time management, communication, self-confidence, and critical thinking, which are key to posthigh school success. In Slavery by Another Name, Douglas Blackmon of the Wall Street Journal argues that slavery did not end in the United States with the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862. And by the beginning of the 20th century, whites all over the country had seen stories written about some of the particularly the worst atrocities and some of the brutalities. PBS- Slavery by Another Name Campbell 1.) Use one of the services below to sign in to PBS: You've just tried to add this video to My List. In 2004 the PBS news program NOW and Newsweek magazine both reported that the Pentagon had quietly resumed its practice of domestic spying, and suggested that "something like Cointelpro may again be at hand." . See production, box office & company info, Driving While Black: Race, Space and Mobility in America, Reconstruction: America after The Civil War, White Savior: Racism in the American Church, The Black Church: This Is Our Story, This Is Our Song, Excellent history of seldom covered information. And there were rafts of laws that effectively criminalized black life. Douglas A. Blackmon is the Atlanta Bureau Chief of the Wall Street Journal. He couldn't prove that he had a job in 1908. It's a story of American history. The film tells how even as chattel slavery came to an end in 1865, thousands of African Americans were pulled back into forced labor with shocking force and brutality. qEW_ wN %IdB5kW;5wK-* %*]uM5(g :tik wyEosP(Uo;Vu Lc3PN &/3ARnK ]\6N2Rj2 A. Your email address will not be published. Through CPBs Diversity and Innovation Fund, CPB and PBS are committed to investing in content like this that helps to tell Americas story, engages diverse viewers and encourages the use of emerging technologies to reach new audiences.. Slavery didn't go away 150 years ago. hbbd``b`v S4 Morgan Freeman, Narrator: They were from Africa and Europe. SLAVERY BY ANOTHER NAME is a 90-minute documentary that challenges one of Americans' most cherished assumptions: the belief that slavery in this country ended with the Emancipation Proclamation. The film tells how even as chattel slavery came to an end in the South in 1865, thousands of African Americans were pulled back into forced labor with shocking force and brutality. Adjust the colors to reduce glare and give your eyes a break. 2 0 obj Chicago. On the 140th anniversary, historical sites in several states are offering a more realistic portrayal of slavery and plantation life. income, is the civil rights issue of our day. Based on the Pulitzer-Prize-winning book by Douglas Blackmon, Slavery By Another Name tells the stories of men, charged with crimes like vagrancy, and often guilty of nothing, who were bought and sold, abused, and subject to sometimes deadly working conditions as unpaid convict labor. Donna Hardwick On and On PR & Marketing Solutions O: 978-358-7209 M: 617-308-5677 dhardwick@onandonpr.com, Carrie Johnson PBS O: 703-739-5129 cjohnson@pbs.org, Nicole Mezlo CPB O: 202-879-9836 nmezlo@cpb.org, PBS Teachers Innovation Awards Presented to 40 Educators, PBS HISTORY DETECTIVES New Season Takes Investigations Beyond the TV Screen to Mobile and Online Platforms, The Forgetting: A Portrait of Alzheimers. So, whether it was the sharecropping, in which people were tied to the land by debt, or whether it was peonage, or whether it was convict leasing, this had a long-term effect that affected the entire American economy, or just African-Americans? from the book jacket. 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