C. a Theory Z manager according to Ouchi. While money may not be the most effective way to self-fulfillment, it may be the only way available. They try to avoid responsibility; therefore, extreme control is required. McGregor recognized that some people may not have reached the level of maturity assumed by Theory Y and may initially need tighter controlsthat can be relaxed as the employee develops. Because people don't like to work, they must be controlled, directed, or threatened to get them to make . 4. responsibility Theory X This company has adopted: 4. working condition 4. when two people do one job. 4. the average worker has little ambition. Theory X, Theory Y. A step-by-step guide on applying both theories in a working environment is given below. The clothing retailer has achieved success by empowering its employees to make their own decisions and follow their passions. The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in the solution of organizational problems is widely, not narrowly distributed in the population, etc. BusinessBalls (Alan Chapman) developed them to help theunderstanding and application of McGregor's XY Theory concept. Only when these needs are met can people focus their attention on satisfying the next level of needs. IvyPanda. 4. People usually accept and often seek responsibility. In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. If an employee is not motivated, the manager will provide the employee with more responsibility and authority. This has in turn led to the adoption of different theories on employees and leadership such as the Maslow Hierarchy and McGregors Theory X and Y among others. He established the two contrasting theories to understand a managers beliefs regarding employee motivation and its effect on management style. Job enrichment 1. a flexible scheduling strategy. The Need for Authority and Power (n-pow), McClelland's Three Types of Motivation Practical Application, McClelland's Theory Experimental Evidence, Characteristics and Attitudes of Achievement-Motivated People, Same free XY Theory test tool - two-page version with clearer layout and scoring - (pdf), Same free XY Theory test tool - two-page version with clearer layout and scoring - (doc version), Next: David's Mcclelland's Motivational Theory. T or F. A compressed workweek is: Malachi is a manager at a home goods store. The leaders should be able to mobilize the other workers and motivate them by Maslows hierarchy of needs for output maximization. 5. involvement, According to Herzberg's theory, the presence of which of the following factors is likely to motivate employees though their absence may not result in dissatisfaction? If Theory Y holds true, an organization can apply the followingprinciples of scientific management to improve employee motivation: If properly implemented, such an environment canincrease and continually fuelmotivation as employees work to satisfy their higher-level personal needs through their jobs. The approach focuses on persuading employees to complete work by motivating them with incentives and punishing them if they cannot complete the task. Theory X and Theory Y were proposed by management theorist Douglas McGregor. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies is Your email address will not be published. In this system, people are basically reduced to what they produce and their performance indicators. E. the equity theory. 26. option C is correct. Facilitator Andr Cruz digs into it. 5. reduces the total number of hours that employees work. McGregor's work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of Abraham Maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. Consider these assumptions from the different managerial styles: Theory X. B)the humanistic view of management. Educators who believe in Theory X would agree with the following statements: Educators who believe in Theory Y would have different assumptions: While it may seem like McGregors Theories of X and Y are outdated, they can actually still be applied in many business settings today. A goal Theory X is an authoritarian style of management that assumes employees want to be . 1. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you 3. Rosalyn's boss is so impressed, she asks Rosalyn to complete the competitor analysis once a week in addition to her other tasks. Since quantitative metrics are not a focus in this theory, it becomes hard to measure employee growth and success. 3. Motivation refers to doing something to entice an employee to attract his or her attention to do the work better and increase production. 4. (2022, May 11). The purpose of this paper is therefore to offer to business and management readers a clear overview of McGregor's ideas, their use, critique, and contribution to . Both theories rest on the assumption that management is required to coordinate all aspects of the value delivery process to be productive. Motivation occurs only at the physiological and security levels of Maslows hierarchy of needs. More autonomy, more purpose, and mastery items mentioned inDaniel Pinks book (Drive)are just three of a series of items mentioned when we talk about motivation, engagement, and happiness at work. He noted, though, that whether a manager could explicate his/her theory was unimportant, because a manager's theory (attitudes) could Please note, that they were not created by McGregor. Mr. McGregor postulated 2 theories on human management and leadership which are Theory X and Theory Y. Be aware also that many X-Theory managers are forced to be X-Theory by the short-term demands of the organisation and their superiors - an X-Theory manager is usually someone with their problems, so try not to give them any more. 2. increase in productivity regardless of physical conditions Esperanza decides to allow employees to work a variety of jobs to relieve the boredom. Students have large amounts of creative thinking and innovation that is applied throughout their learning journey. McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor created Theory X and Theory Y of human work motivation and explained two styles of management known as authoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. McGregors Theories allow managers to better understand their employees. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: 1. Motivational Model - What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? Lillian Gilbreth. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. HR efforts must adopt updated forms of compensation and incentives, take a more concerned approach for the environment and for employee happiness, and plan carefully each point of the employees journey, including critical moments such as contract termination. Selena's work schedule is an example of: A. physiological and security needs B. security and social needs C. social and esteem needs D. esteem and self-actualization needs E. physiological and esteem needs Theory X and Theory Y are most closely associated with: A. Frederick Taylor. Very helpful information it would be great to learn more. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website and provide a relevant marketing for you. Moving Motivators, for example, suggests meaningful reflections on what motivates people and how context changes influence what motivates us most. Which need is Diego trying to meet? Workers are often micromanaged and have very little autonomy in the organization. 2. reduces driving in rush hour traffic. 5. Equity theory Shorten working hours 4. Thus, according to the Theory, there are two groups of managers:Theory X managers and Theory Y managers, both with a contrary set of assumptions. reward is the sole motivator for workers. All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: 5. Using either theory is an extreme style of management. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Employees prefer making decisions themselves and also solving problems creatively. 2. equity theory 3. uses workstations and facilities better by staggering employee use. (2022, May 11). Theory Y. His ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people: Many managers tend toward Theory X and generally get poor results. Intrinsic motivations gain greater relevance in work environments, but they do not exclude the need, in some situations, for extrinsic motivations. We utilize security vendors that protect and this t. Students find learning inherently challenging and are only expected to have limited success in the course. 3. 4. 4. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. 2. 2. 1. Most people are gullible and unintelligent. 2. a type of job enrichment. Is there an internal conflict between team members? McGregor -Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor, an American psychologist, built upon earlier studies into the psychology of the workplace. DOUGLAS MCGREGOR'S THEORY X AND THEORY Y DOUGLAS MCGREGOR THEORY X McGregor died in 1964, aged 58, but not before making a substantial contribution to the field of manage-ment. In his book, The Human Side of Enterprise, he outlined a new role . Results-driven and deadline-driven, to the exclusion of everything else, Issues threats to make people follow instructions, Unconcerned about staff welfare, or morale, Proud, sometimes to the point of self-destruction, Fundamentally insecure and possibly neurotic, Withholds rewards, and suppresses pay and remunerations levels, Scrutinises expenditure to the point of false economy, Seeks culprits for failures or shortfalls, Seeks to apportion blame instead of focusing on learning from the experience and preventing recurrence, Takes criticism badly and is likely to retaliate if from below or peer group, Poor at proper delegating - but believes they delegate well, Holds on to responsibility but shifts accountability to subordinates, Relatively unconcerned with investing in anything to gain future improvements, Theory X managers (or indeed Theory Y managers displaying Theory X behaviour) are primarily, Theory X managers generally don't understand or have an interest inhumanissues, so don't try to appeal to their sense of humanity or morality, If an X Theory boss tells you how to do things in ways that are not comfortable or right for you, then don't question the process, simply. See also the article about Assertive Techniques and Self Confidence. are not intrinsically motivated. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Sign up now and be the first to hear about new practices and games, awesome workshops, activities, and giveaways, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. 1. To achieve the desired performance, the manager will appoint rewards and punishments and set a rulebook of directions. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. ADVERTISEMENTS: Behavior modification. 1. ignore his employee's needs for personal growth. All Rights Reserved. Theory X and Theory Y was an idea devised by Douglas McGregor (see article) in his 1960 book "The Human Side of Enterprise".It encapsulated a fundamental distinction between management styles . 5. the humanistic view of management. Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement. All of the following are ways to retain good employees except: 3. providing adequate incentives. In 1960, Douglas McGregor, an American Social Psychologist, has published a book entitled "Human Side Of enterprise". 2. extrinsic need It is acknowledged as one of the most influential management books of the twentieth century and many academics have attempted variations to the theories in order to enhance or modernise McGregor's work. It takes into consideration, the pessimistic behaviour of an average human being, who is less ambitious and inherently lazy. Average humans do not detest their work but like or dislike it according to temporary situations that can be improved. An authoritative management style can hamper employee learning, building, and development. . Students are not motivated to learn new information. level needs as well as physiological and security needs. They guide the way leaders work with their teams and, on a broader level, shape the culture of organizations. 4. job rotation. Theory X, Theory Y by Douglas McGregor is a motivation theory. Reduce a company's operating expenses Theory Z According to Maslow, humans first devote all their efforts to satisfying ________ needs until they are met. Like Maslow, he believed the greatest reward for Employees and Team Members was Self-Actualization, in other words, achieving their full-potential. Theory Y. Employees are belonging to theory X who hate work and have to be motivated or pushed to work. Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. Work is inherently distasteful to most people, and they will attempt to avoid work whenever possible. 1. 5. Workers do not need to be micromanaged; they are self-directed. Theory X says people don't like to work and will avoid it if they can. The workforce, increasingly multigenerational, seeks new relationships not only with the brands they consume, with their employers as well. Workers have little motivation and prefer direction from their superiors. 1. workers will exercise self-direction and self-control. Instead, self-actualization, self-esteem, and social needs must be fulfilled to motivate the team members. Encroachment: Definition, Meaning & Examples. How can managers avoid equity problems? 5. As a result, the only way that employees can attempt to meethigher-level needs at work is to seek more compensation, so, predictably, they focus on monetary rewards. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. If she logs 40 hours in four days, she can have a three-day weekend. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. 3. security Further relevant points of information presented by candidates are marked and . 3. IvyPanda. 2. creating a work-friendly environment. . 4. 2. self-actualization needs Herzberg's hygiene factors. Both of them refer to a new style of management and human motivation. What is Theory X and Theory Y referring to? He believed that by following Theory Y, supervisors could motivate their workers to achieve their highest potential. They need guidance throughout their work journey and look for a controlled management system to understand the task well and complete it on time. Workers are often micromanaged and have very little autonomy in the organization environments, but they do not the... Value delivery process to be motivated or pushed to work and have to be productive an average human,!, achieving their full-potential inherently lazy to most people, and social needs must be to... 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