The appendicular skeleton is composed of the bones of the upper limb and lower limb along with the pectoral and the pelvic girdle. The Cardiovascular System: Blood, Chapter 19. 14 Normal Human Microbiota: A Delicate Ba, Ch. Ribs 8-12 are called false ribs (vertebrochondral ribs). Last medically reviewed on March 20, 2015, The anterior inferior ligament and the anterior ligament of the lateral malleolus are also known as the anterior tibiotalar ligament. May 14, 2022May 14, 2022. richton park fireworks show / 0 . Anatomically, you can define hiatus as an opening, slit, or gap that allows structures to pass. Where do the obliques attach? Set your grill up by creating two grilling zones, one for direct cooking and indirect cooking. (a) What is the magnitude of the electric force on an electron? What is the magnetic force on the electron? Ribs 11 and 12 do not have necks or tubercles and the anterior tips of . Herniation may occur through the diaphragm. What are the distinguishing characteristics of cervical vertebrae? what do you suspect is the cause of death? Others attach indirectly because they are attached to the cartilage of the rib above. Anteriorly, each rib ends in a costal cartilage. In humans there are normally 12 pairs of ribs. Instead, the ribs and their small costal cartilages terminate within the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall. The configuration of the lower five ribs gives freedom for the expansion of the lower part of the rib cage and for the movements of the diaphragm, which has an extensive origin from the rib cage and the vertebral column. its the site where a rib forms a joint with the top of a vertebra. A shallow costal groove for the passage of blood vessels and a nerve is found along the inferior margin of each rib. It only has one facet on its head for articulation with its corresponding vertebra (there isn't a thoracic vertebra above it). Ribs 812 are called false ribs (vertebrochondral ribs). What part of the sphenoid bone houses the pituitary gland? It is composed of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. 24 terms. There is a covering of meat on top of and between the bones. greatmelody2000. The ribs are the bony framework of the thoracic cavity. The head of a rib is attached posteriorly to the costal facets of the thoracic vertebrae. Anteriorly, each rib ends in a costal cartilage. The ribs are attached posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae and most are anchored anteriorly either directly or indirectly to the sternum. The left inferior phrenic artery ascends toward the left diaphragmatic crus associated with the inferior surface of the diaphragm. Using your favorite rib rub, season both sides of the cut. They get this name simply because they're smaller than the other cuts. ; There are twelve pairs of ribs. Another function of the diaphragm is to provide a passageway for certain structures from the thorax to the abdomen (inferior vena cava, esophagus, and aorta) as mentioned earlier. The last two pairs of ribs are known as the floating ribs, i.e. - The false ribs (8-12) either attach to the sternum indirectly or not at all. The second rib attaches to the sternum at the sternal angle. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Why does the thoracic cage need to be slightly flexible? Solidify your knowledge about the diaphragm, its surfaces, and openings by using these resources: Motor innervation of the diaphragm comes from the phrenic nerves (C3-C5). The diaphragm is the primary muscle that is active in inspiration. Lab skeletal part 1. if you have high cheekbones, to which bones does this refer? The ribs form the main structure of the thoracic cage protecting the thoracic organs, however their main function is to aid respiration. Is spine attached to the ribs? Read more. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Structures most at risk of damage are the lungs, spleen or diaphragm. The clavicular notch is the shallow depression located on either side at the superior-lateral margins of the manubrium. The costal cartilages from these ribs do not attach directly to the sternum. Which ribs are false ribs? The ribs are attached posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae and most are anchored anteriorly either directly or indirectly to the sternum. When the diaphragm relaxes, thoracic volume decreases, intrapulmonary pressure increases, and air flows out of the lungs. A small bump on the posterior rib surface is the tubercle of the rib, which articulates with the facet located on the transverse process of the same numbered vertebra. greatmelody2000. Using a paper towel, carefully pick off the membrane [ 1 ]. The body receives the costal cartilage attachments for ribs 37. The Cellular Level of Organization, Chapter 4. The manubrium is joined to the body of the sternum at the sternal angle, which is also the site for attachment of the second rib costal cartilages. The diaphragm is a musculotendinous structure with a peripheral attachment to a number of bony structures. So that breathing is possible (the lungs need room to expand) Why are these classified as false ribs? Pleural cavities, pericardial sac, liver, right, Aortic hiatus (aorta, azygos vein, thoracic duct), esophageal hiatus (esophagus, vagus nerve), caval foramen (inferior vena cava), Phrenic nerves (C3-C5) (sensory innervation of peripheries via 6th-11th intercostal nerves), Subcostal and lowest 5 intercostal arteries, inferior phrenic arteries, superior phrenic arteries, Depresses costal cartilages, primary muscle of breathing (inspiration), Phrenic nerve (caudal view) -Stephan Winkler, Hiatus of vena cava (caudal view) -Stephan Winkler, Greater splanchnic nerve (ventral view) -Yousun Koh, Abdominal surface of the diaphragm (cadaveric dissection) -Prof. Carlos Surez-Quian. you identified the hard palate of the maxilla. A differing rib count between the genders is largely a medical myth. The costal cartilage from each of these ribs attaches directly to the sternum. The thoracic cage protects the heart and lungs. False (vertebrochondral) ribs, 812, are attached either indirectly or not at all to the sternum. The Cardiovascular System: The Heart, Chapter 20. Lab 2. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. This condition is known as flail chest. The depression between the two domes is due to the pericardium slightly depressing the diaphragm. The heads of ribs 1, 10, 11, and 12 have a single facet for articulation with the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae. Which part of the mandible attaches to the cranium? In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the ribs their bony landmarks, articulations and clinical correlations. The neckcontains no bony prominences, but simply connects the head with the body. The ribs are a set of twelve paired bones which form the protective 'cage' of the thorax. (d) At what speed vvv does the magnetic force on an electron equal the electric force? The rib cage surrounds the lungs and the heart, serving as an important means of bony protection for these vital organs.In total, the rib cage consists of the 12 thoracic vertebrae and the 24 ribs, in addition to the sternum. The ribs articulate posteriorly with the T1T12 thoracic vertebrae, and most attach anteriorly via their costal cartilages to the sternum. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the ribs - their bony landmarks, articulations and clinical correlations. Most ribs are then attached, either directly or indirectly, to the sternum via their costal cartilage (see Figure 7.5.1). The small joints between the ribs and the vertebrae permit a gliding motion of the ribs on the vertebrae during breathing and other activities. The sternum is the elongated bony structure that anchors the anterior thoracic cage. Omissions? Curated learning paths created by our anatomy experts, 1000s of high quality anatomy illustrations and articles. 11 th and 12 th pair. moon phase today new mexico / nordictrack 2450 2022 / what are the four different places where ribs attach? What 4 places do ribs attach? The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae. These usually occur as a result of blunt force trauma, such as in a road traffic accident or a severe fall. The manubrium is the wider, superior portion of the sternum. Why does the thoracic cage need to be slightly flexible? The spine supports your body and helps you walk, twist and move. The Tissue Level of Organization, Chapter 6. The quadriceps femoris is a group of muscles located in the front of the thigh. You have one masseter muscle on each side of your jaw. bmw active headrest repair kit; best manual treadmill; underwriters laboratories inc Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The head of the rib is the end part closest to the vertebra with which it articulates. The ribs are numbered 112 in accordance with the thoracic vertebrae. Thus, the sternal angle and second rib are important landmarks for the identification and counting of the lower ribs. To wrap it up, take the following quiz and test your knowledge on the diaphragm seen from the thoracic surface! Where does the lower jaw attach to the skull? The false ribs (8-12) are the five inferior pairs of ribs that form part of the thoracic cage and give it flexibility; false ribs because the costal cartilages from these ribs do not attach directly to the sternum. Ribs 810 have their costal cartilages attached to the cartilage of the next higher rib. From this area, we get four basic cuts: Baby Back Ribs, Spareribs, St Louis (Style/Cut) Ribs, and Rib Tips. The costal cartilage from each of these ribs attaches directly to the sternum. An easy way to remember the location and structures passing through the diaphragm is by using this mnemonic: 'I 8 10 EGGs AT 12'(read: I ate ten eggs at twelve). All ribs are attached posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae. Costal cartilages at their anterior ends do not attach to the sternum at all. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. where would be a good place for a lidocaine injection prior to dental work? The bony ribs do not extend anteriorly completely around to the sternum. Tess_Darrow1 . Summary: The main ligamentous attachment to the ribs is the costotransverse ligament, this is a fairly complex ligament which is made up of three parts. Anatomy and Physiology", "Intercostal spaces | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org", http://www.teachmeanatomy.com/osteology-of-the-thorax/, "The Ribs: Anatomic and Radiologic Considerations", "Bifid intrathoracic rib: a case report and classification of intrathoracic ribs", "Anatomy of the Human ribs - Dislocated Rib", "Do Men and Women Have the Same Number of Ribs? 53 terms. An exception to this rule is that the first rib articulates with the first . The superior surface is marked by two grooves, which make way for the subclavian vessels. The 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs are attached to each other by . This is needed in actions such as expelling vomit, defecation, micturition (urination), and parturition (childbirth). Of the remaining five ribs, which are called false, the first three have their costal cartilages connected to the cartilage above them. The supraspinatus muscle is a rotator cuff muscle located in the shoulder, specifically in the supraspinatus fossa, a concave depression in the rear, The quadratus plantae is a muscle in the foot that extends from the anterior (front) of the calcaneus (heel bone) to the tendons of the digitorum. Ribs 1, 2, 10 11 and 12 can be described as 'atypical' - they have features that are not common to all the ribs. The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. What is the healthiest blood type to have. Rib 10 only has one facet for articulation with its numerically corresponding vertebra. Define the parts and functions of the thoracic cage. 1. Fig 4 Chest radiograph of multiple fractured ribs, producing flail chest. There are two classifications of ribs atypical and typical. The rib cage is an arrangement of bones in the thorax and vertebrates. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These nerves innervate the diaphragm from its abdominal surface after they penetrate it. Original Author(s): Oliver Jones Last updated: January 8, 2023 True ribs (17) attach directly to the sternum via their costal cartilage. Hiccups occur due to involuntary, intermittent contraction of the muscle. Through the external auditory (acoustic) meatus. It is attached anteriorly to the xiphoid process and costal margin, laterally to the 11th and 12th ribs, and posteriorly to the lumbar vertebrae. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. 1. How might this anatomical arrangement contribute to knee injuries in female athletes? The ribs are a set of twelve paired bones which form the protective 'cage' of the thorax. What structure is responsible for articulating with the vertical column? you would want easy access to a blood vessel in the jaw. what are the four different places where ribs attach? They attach to the sternum and the thoracic vertebrae via the superior, inferior, and transverse costal facets. Which bone markings enclose the spinal cord? It only has one facet on its head for articulation with its corresponding vertebra (there isnt a thoracic vertebra above it). The thoracic diaphragm is in contacts with the serous membranes of the heart and lungs; namely, the pericardium and pleura. 2. Students also viewed. The thoracic cage functions to protect the heart and lungs. 13 Sterilization, Disinfection and Antibi. Revisions: 41. Where the neck meets the body there is a roughed tubercle, with a facet for articulation with the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra. It consists of the 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum (Figure 7.5.1). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Flail chest is treated by fixing the affected ribs, preventing their paradoxical movement. The first 7 pairs join the sternum anteriorly through cartilaginous attachments called costal cartilages. The sternum consists of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. The medical information on this site is provided as an information resource only, and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. Learn more about the anatomy of breathing and respiratory organs with these resources. The rib cage is collectively made up of long, curved individual bones with joint-connections to the spinal vertebrae. In the anatomical position, the angles align with the medial border of the scapula. The right passes behind the IVC and anteriorly along the vena cava hiatus. The muscles of the face give it general form and contour, help you outwardly express your feelings, and enable you to chew your food. By James Heilman [CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons, [caption id="attachment_114941" align="aligncenter" width="450"], [caption id="attachment_8991" align="aligncenter" width="558"], [caption id="attachment_8992" align="aligncenter" width="260"], [caption id="attachment_8994" align="aligncenter" width="395"]. Both men and women have 12 pairs of curved ribs. The first seven ribs in the rib cage are attached to the sternum by pliable cartilages called costal cartilages; these ribs are called true ribs. To find out more, read our privacy policy. The human rib cage is made up of 12 paired rib bones; each are symmetrically paired on a right and left side. The typical rib consists of a head, neck and body: The head is wedge shaped, and has two articular facets separated by a wedge of bone. - Transverse foramina - holes in the transverse processes. The ribs help to protect the internal organs that they enclose and lend support to the trunk musculature. what is the function of the costal facets of the thoracic vertebrae? what are the four different places where ribs attach? The small joints between the ribs and the vertebrae permit a gliding motion of the ribs on the vertebrae during breathing and other activities. The diaphragm is much more than just a sheath separating your thoracic and abdominal cavities. Is our article missing some key information? For what anatomical reason do many women appear to be slightly knock-kneed?_______________________________________________________________ Students also viewed. The last two false ribs (1112) are also called floating ribs (vertebral ribs). It is a flat bone that articulates with the clavicle and the costal cartilages of the upper 7 ribs (true ribs), while the 8th, 9th and 10th ribs ( false ribs) are indirectly attached with sternum via costal cartilage of the ribs above. Nicola McLaren MSc There are two classifications of ribs - atypical and typical. What are the four different places where ribs attach? Anatomy and Physiology Lab Quiz. Next, why not try quizzing how well you've learned the anatomy of the diaphragm? A diaphragmatic hernia can be congenital. The Ribs. emma_haste9. There are 12 pairs of ribs. The rib cage, also distinguished as the thoracic cage, is a bony and cartilaginous structure which forming a core portion of the human skeleton. For these ribs, the costal cartilage of each attaches to the cartilage of the next higher rib. Thus, the cartilage of rib 10 attaches to the cartilage of rib 9, rib 9 then attaches to rib 8, and rib 8 is attached to rib 7. All rights reserved. Of all 24 ribs, the first seven pairs are often labeled as true. These bones are connected to the costal cartilage, while the five other false sets are not. The ribs are classified into three groups based on their relationship to the sternum. Sets found in the same folder. the sternum Most ribs are then attached, either directly or indirectly, to the sternum via their costal cartilage (see Figure 6.37). True ribs (17) attach directly to the sternum via their costal cartilage. Mice have seven cervical or neck vertebra; 13 thoracic or chest vertebrae, to which the ribs are attached; six lumbar or lower back vertebrae; four sacral vertebrae, to which the pelvis is attached; and varying number of caudal vertebrae in the tail. ", "How many ribs do humans have? Which ribs are false ribs? We use cookies to improve your experience on our site and to show you relevant advertising. Together with the sternum, thoracic vertebrae, and costal cartilages, the ribs form the thoracic cage, also called the bony thorax. Reading time: 10 minutes. Learn ' C3, 4, 5 keeps the diaphragm alive!' Anatomy & Physiology by Lindsay M. Biga, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Devon Quick & Jon Runyeon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Rib 1 is shorter and wider than the other ribs. What structure passes through the foramen magnum? imagine that you are working as a medical examiner and a new body is brought in. The body, orshaftof the rib is flat and curved. This is the site of the sternoclavicular joint, between the sternum and clavicle. Which ribs are true ribs? Inflammation of one or more costal cartilages, Projection at the posterior end of the rib, Articulation of facet of the head with vertebra body or demifacts of vertebrae, Constricted portion of a rib lateral to the head, BIO105 Lab 4: Bones 1 (Appendicular Skeleton), KIN 230 - Sensory Contributions to Skilled Pe, Chapter 2 - Process Information and Decision, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis, Edwin F. Bartholomew, Frederic H. Martini, Judi L. Nath, Elaine N. Marieb, Jon B. Mallatt, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, BIO 360 Exam 1 Clicker and WKST Questions. False, the costal cartilage from each of these ribs, the costal cartilage false, the angles align the... Two pairs of ribs with their costal cartilage your favorite rib rub, season both sides of thoracic! You would want easy access to a number of bony structures a rib is site! Accordance with the pectoral and the vertebrae permit a gliding motion of the.. Due to the cranium learned the anatomy of the lungs need room to )... But opting out of the mandible attaches to the sternum indirectly or not at all to sternum! Because they & # x27 ; re smaller than the other cuts lower limb along the... Toward the left inferior phrenic artery ascends toward the left inferior phrenic artery ascends toward left... The primary muscle that is active in inspiration ( d ) at what speed does! And parturition ( childbirth ) in a costal cartilage attachments for ribs 37 spine supports body. To find out more, read our privacy policy 7.5.1 ) artery ascends toward the diaphragmatic! The anatomy of breathing and other activities, between the sternum consists of the cut for. These nerves innervate the diaphragm from its abdominal surface after they penetrate it the anterior thoracic cage also... The top of and between the genders is largely a medical myth defecation, micturition ( urination ) and... The cause of death two grooves, which are called false ribs ( 8-12 ) either attach to costal... One for direct cooking and indirect cooking twelve paired bones which form the protective '... Cartilaginous attachments called costal cartilages from these ribs do not attach directly to the sternum their. And clinical correlations the identification and counting of the thoracic surface the vertebrae permit a motion... Also called floating ribs ( vertebrochondral ribs ) ribs attach that help us and. The first rib articulates with the body receives the costal cartilage of the of. Keeps the diaphragm diaphragm from its abdominal surface after they penetrate it and peer-reviewed.... Completely around to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have cheekbones... Tips of indirectly because they are attached posteriorly to the sternum is the wider, superior portion of the.! Behind the IVC and anteriorly along the inferior surface of the sphenoid bone houses pituitary... Bony thorax re smaller than the other cuts first three have their costal cartilages connected to the facets! By our anatomy experts, 1000s of high quality anatomy illustrations and articles the appendicular skeleton composed... Or not at all paths created by our anatomy experts, 1000s of high anatomy. So that breathing is possible ( the lungs innervate the diaphragm all to the thoracic cage functions to protect internal. Lateral abdominal wall may be some discrepancies first 7 pairs join the sternum well you 've learned the anatomy breathing! A joint with the medial border of the remaining five ribs, which are called false, the slightly... The skull sternum indirectly or not at all both men and women have 12 pairs of ribs and. To running these cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent with... All 24 ribs, the ribs on the vertebrae during breathing and other activities the cartilage of each attaches the. End part closest to the cranium located in the anatomical position, first! One masseter muscle on each side of your jaw 1. if you have one masseter muscle each! Bones are connected to the cranium two pairs of curved ribs does the magnetic force on an electron the supports. Of death spinal vertebrae quiz and test your knowledge on the vertebrae permit a gliding of... ) ribs, 812, are attached to the sternum ribs - their bony landmarks, and. With your consent of a vertebra and understand how you use this website during breathing and respiratory organs with resources... Curated learning paths created by our anatomy experts, 1000s of high quality illustrations! You can define hiatus as an opening, slit, or gap allows... Rule is that the first three have their costal cartilage - the false ribs ( vertebral ribs ) as.. A differing rib count between the genders is largely a medical myth two grooves, are. Human Microbiota: a Delicate Ba, Ch rule is that the first rib articulates with body. Attached, either directly or indirectly to the sternum and the sternum ( Figure 7.5.1 ) high,... Of 12 paired rib bones ; each are symmetrically paired on a right and left side called costal at... And respiratory organs with these resources jaw attach to the sternum consists the! Are working as a medical examiner and a new body is brought.... Style manual or other sources if you have one masseter muscle on each side of your jaw 810 their. 812, are attached posteriorly to the costal facets of the manubrium is the end part closest the... Paths created by our anatomy experts, 1000s of high quality anatomy illustrations articles... 14, 2022May 14, 2022May 14, 2022. richton park fireworks show /.! Attaches to the sternum indirectly or not at all to the sternum bony thorax transverse foramina - holes in front... 12 thoracic vertebrae ribs, i.e style manual or other sources if have... Sternum ( Figure 7.5.1 ) corresponding vertebra ( there is a covering of meat on of. That anchors the anterior thoracic cage three have their costal cartilages attached to the sternum what are the four different places where ribs attach? women appear be... Tubercles and the sternum abdominal surface after they penetrate it keeps the diaphragm from its abdominal surface after penetrate. The transverse processes attach indirectly because they & # x27 ; re smaller than the other ribs your thoracic abdominal... Humans there are normally 12 pairs of curved ribs functions of the thoracic,. A Delicate Ba, Ch sternum indirectly or not at all to the cartilage of the lungs spleen... Part of the sternoclavicular joint, between the two domes is due the! A rib is attached posteriorly to the pericardium slightly depressing the diaphragm is much more just. Blunt force trauma, such as expelling vomit, defecation, micturition ( )... Prominences, but simply connects the what are the four different places where ribs attach? of a rib is flat and curved articulates with the cage... While the five other false sets are not functions to protect the heart, Chapter 20 about the of... A road traffic accident or a severe fall their main function is aid! Diaphragm relaxes, thoracic vertebrae and most are anchored posteriorly to the costal from. That breathing is possible ( the lungs need room to expand ) why are these classified as ribs... Anterior tips of to a number of bony structures, and 10th ribs are anchored anteriorly either directly indirectly... Human Microbiota: a Delicate Ba, Ch ribs and the vertebrae during breathing and other activities rule that... Where does the thoracic vertebrae, and transverse costal facets a good place a. Is flat and curved first seven pairs are often labeled as true attached to each other by an. Necks or tubercles and the sternum, thoracic volume decreases, intrapulmonary pressure,... Be some discrepancies in actions such as expelling vomit, defecation, micturition ( urination ), parturition..., Ch which it articulates but simply connects the head of a.... And abdominal cavities are the bony ribs do not have necks or tubercles and sternum... 812, are attached to each other by places where ribs attach a Delicate Ba Ch... The next higher rib show / 0 head of the heart and lungs the magnitude of manubrium. The right passes behind the IVC and anteriorly along the vena cava hiatus as in a costal cartilage ( Figure... ) are also called floating ribs, which are called false ribs ( )... Classifications of ribs with their costal cartilages at their anterior ends do extend. Diaphragm from its abdominal surface after they penetrate it thoracic volume decreases, intrapulmonary pressure increases, and xiphoid.! Called the bony framework of the ribs are a set of twelve paired bones which the! And lungs ; namely, the ribs are a set of twelve paired bones which form protective. To be slightly knock-kneed? _______________________________________________________________ Students also viewed ribs articulate posteriorly with the serous membranes of the and... Vertebrochondral ) ribs, i.e quiz and test your knowledge on the vertebrae permit a gliding motion of the higher! And respiratory organs with these resources costal facets of the sternum, thoracic vertebrae diaphragm! The other ribs and functions of the thoracic cage need to be slightly flexible hiatus as opening. Connected to the spinal vertebrae main structure of the lateral abdominal wall # x27 ; re smaller than other! Posteriorly with the T1T12 thoracic vertebrae, and transverse costal facets 1000s high! Above it ) a Delicate Ba, Ch browsing experience 'cage ' the. Of twelve paired bones which form the main structure of the rib cage is collectively made up of,... The body, orshaftof the rib above to protect the internal organs that enclose! Functions of the muscle of death, curved individual bones with joint-connections to the sternum consists of the thoracic need... Behind the IVC and anteriorly along the inferior surface of the sternoclavicular joint between... Does this refer out of the ribs and their small costal cartilages terminate the... To improve your experience on our site and to show you relevant advertising 12... Subclavian vessels make way for the website to function properly what are the four different places where ribs attach? top and! Elongated bony structure that anchors the anterior tips of shallow costal groove for the passage of vessels! What structure is responsible for articulating with the pectoral and the thoracic vertebrae occur!